Stage 2: Opportunistic

Private: Basic skills, some schools, company training.

Stage 1: Basic

Basic: Tech for leisure, low access and adoption.

Stage 1: Basic

Resistant: Low tech adoption, change incentives lacking.

Stage 1: Basic

Restricted: Tech not for citizen-govt interaction, voice exclusion.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Inaccessible: Basic quality, selective coverage.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Restricted: Lower tech access, systemic barriers.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Informal: Scattered support, no national framework.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Outsourcing: Few skills, external help, partial strategy.

Stage 4: Differentiating

Integrated digitalization: Centralized, redesigned, data-centric.

Stage 4: Differentiating

Participatory: Info sharing, broad input, partial KPIs.

Stage 3: Systematic

Recognition: Functional data protection authority, regulation.

Stage 1: Basic

No recognition: Tech not policy consideration.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Regulate & forget: Outdated IP law, some competition.

Stage 1: Basic

No recognition: No cyber crime law, unprotected infrastructure.

Stage 4: Differentiating

Promotion: Functional watchdog, diverse licenses.

Stage 4: Differentiating

Resourced: Legal resources, intl. standards.

Stage 1: Basic

Adverse: Limited tech adoption, unfavorable conditions.

Stage 1: Basic

Emerging: Primarily physical access to financial services.

Stage 2: Opportunistic

Emergent: Improved communication, industry-academia ties, updated curriculum.

Stage 5: Transformational

Transformational: Widespread digital payments, local currencies.

Stage 3: Systematic

Digitalized: Machine-readable records, workflows set.

Stage 4: Differentiating

Accessible: Governance, data use, decision-making.